The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth, sentence 8

Belugas are white whales called sea canaries because they whistle, click and chirp, and a beluga can change the shape of its forehead, called the melon, to aim its clicks.

Who acts: Belugas, white whales, beluga, shape · What happens: be, call, whistle, click, chirp, change · To what, where: white whales, sea canaries, shape, melon, clicks · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic Ocean: walruses, bowheads, the 400-year shark and the unicorn's tooth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Belugas, white whales, beluga, shape), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Belugas	beluga	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 whales	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 whales	cop
3	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 whales	amod
4	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 whales	acl
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 canaries	compound
7	canaries	canary	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 called	obj
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 whistle	mark
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 whistle	nsubj
10	whistle	whistle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 called	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 click	punct
12	click	click	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 whistle	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 chirp	cc
14	chirp	chirp	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 whistle	conj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 change	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 change	cc
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 beluga	det
18	beluga	beluga	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 change	nsubj
19	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 change	aux
20	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 whales	conj
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 shape	det
22	shape	shape	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 change	obj
23	of	of	ADP	_	25 forehead	case
24	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 forehead	nmod:poss
25	forehead	forehead	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 shape	nmod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 called	punct
27	called	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 change	advcl
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 melon	det
29	melon	melon	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 called	obj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 aim	punct
31	to	to	PART	_	32 aim	mark
32	aim	aim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 change	advcl
33	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	34 clicks	nmod:poss
34	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 aim	obj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 whales	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	is a	present	Belugas	white whales	tree rules
2	call	participle	white whales not said here	sea canaries	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent canary=Recipient
3	whistle	present	Belugas = beluga		vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	click	infinitive	Belugas = beluga not said here		vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	chirp	infinitive	Belugas = beluga not said here		vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	change	can	a beluga	the shape of shape's forehead	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Patient
7	call	past	a beluga not said here	the melon	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent melon=Recipient
8	aim	to-infinitive	a beluga not said here	shape's clicks	vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot click=Theme
9	click		shape		nom click «event transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/169-the-arctic-ocean-walruses-bowheads-the-400-year-shark-and-the-unicorns-tooth/8/