How close are apes to us?, sentence 14

Apes cannot speak words like us because their throat, tongue and breathing control are different, but the bonobo Kanzi learned hundreds of symbols, first by watching his mother's lessons.

Who acts: Apes, throat, bonobo · What happens: not speak, be, learn, watch · To what, where: words, hundreds, lessons · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Apes, throat, bonobo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 speak	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 speak	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 speak	advmod
4	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 speak	obj
6	like	like	ADP	_	7 us	case
7	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 words	nmod
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	17 different	mark
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 throat	nmod:poss
10	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 different	nsubj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 tongue	punct
12	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 throat	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 control	cc
14	breathing	breathing	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 control	compound
15	control	control	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 throat	conj
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 different	cop
17	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 speak	advcl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 learned	punct
19	but	but	CCONJ	_	23 learned	cc
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 bonobo	det
21	bonobo	bonobo	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 learned	nsubj
22	Kanzi	Kanzi	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 bonobo	appos
23	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 speak	conj
24	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 learned	obj
25	of	of	ADP	_	26 symbols	case
26	symbols	symbol	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 hundreds	nmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 watching	punct
28	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	30 watching	advmod
29	by	by	SCONJ	_	30 watching	mark
30	watching	watch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 learned	advcl
31	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	32 mother	nmod:poss
32	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 lessons	nmod:poss
33	's	's	PART	_	32 mother	case
34	lessons	lesson	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 watching	obj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 speak	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not speak speech: other	can	Apes	words	like us	tree rules
2	is	present	apes's throat and tongue and breathing control		different property	tree rules
3	learn	past	the bonobo	hundreds of symbols		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Topic
4	watch	gerund	the bonobo not said here	bonobo's mother's lessons	first property	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/14/