How close are apes to us?, sentence 3

The differences matter too: we walk upright all the time, our brain is about three times bigger, we speak, and we lost most of our fur and learned to sweat, so we can walk and run for hours in the sun.

Who acts: differences, we, brain · What happens: matter, walk, be, speak, lose, learn · To what, where: most, sun. · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (differences, we, brain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 differences	det
2	differences	difference	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 matter	nsubj
3	matter	matter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	too	too	ADV	_	3 matter	advmod
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	7 walk	punct
6	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	7 walk	nsubj
7	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 matter	parataxis
8	upright	upright	ADV	_	7 walk	advmod
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	11 time	det:predet
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 time	det
11	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 walk	obl:unmarked
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 bigger	punct
13	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 brain	nmod:poss
14	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 bigger	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 bigger	cop
16	about	about	ADV	_	17 three	advmod
17	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 times	nummod
18	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 bigger	obl:unmarked
19	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 matter	parataxis
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 speak	punct
21	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	22 speak	nsubj
22	speak	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 bigger	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 lost	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 lost	cc
25	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 lost	nsubj
26	lost	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 bigger	conj
27	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	26 lost	obj
28	of	of	ADP	_	30 fur	case
29	our	our	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 fur	nmod:poss
30	fur	fur	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 most	nmod
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 learned	cc
32	learned	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 lost	conj
33	to	to	PART	_	34 sweat	mark
34	sweat	sweat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	32 learned	xcomp
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 walk	punct
36	so	so	ADV	_	39 walk	advmod
37	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	39 walk	nsubj
38	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	39 walk	aux
39	walk	walk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 lost	advcl
40	and	and	CCONJ	_	41 run	cc
41	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	39 walk	conj
42	for	for	ADP	_	43 hours	case
43	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	41 run	obl
44	in	in	ADP	_	46 sun.	case
45	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	46 sun.	det
46	sun.	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 run	obl

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	matter	present	the differences					vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus
2	walk	present	we			time	upright property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present	our brain			time	big property	tree rules
4	speak speech: other	present	we					vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	lose	past	we	most of our fur				vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality
6	learn	past	we not said here					vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
7	sweat	to-infinitive	we not said here					vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	walk	can	we					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	run	infinitive	we not said here		the sun.	hour		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sun=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/3/