How close are apes to us?, sentence 5

Chimps have hands like ours, with fingernails and a thumb that can touch the fingers, and their big toe can grasp too; a chimp's thumb is shorter, so we are better at fine work like writing.

Who acts: Chimps, thumb, big toe, we · What happens: have, touch, grasp, be · To what, where: hands, fingers, fine work

This is a sentence of the lesson «How close are apes to us?» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chimps, thumb, big toe, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chimps	chimp	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
4	like	like	ADP	_	5 ours	case
5	ours	our	PRON	Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 hands	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 fingernails	punct
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 fingernails	case
8	fingernails	fingernail	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hands	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 thumb	cc
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 thumb	det
11	thumb	thumb	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 fingernails	conj
12	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 touch	nsubj
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 touch	aux
14	touch	touch	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 thumb	acl:relcl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 fingers	det
16	fingers	finger	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 touch	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 grasp	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 grasp	cc
19	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	21 toe	nmod:poss
20	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 toe	amod
21	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 grasp	nsubj
22	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 grasp	aux
23	grasp	grasp	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 have	conj
24	too	too	ADV	_	23 grasp	advmod
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 shorter	punct
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 chimp	det
27	chimp	chimp	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 thumb	nmod:poss
28	's	's	PART	_	27 chimp	case
29	thumb	thumb	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 shorter	nsubj
30	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 shorter	cop
31	shorter	short	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	23 grasp	parataxis
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	39 work	punct
33	so	so	ADV	_	39 work	advmod
34	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	39 work	nsubj
35	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 work	cop
36	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	39 work	advmod
37	at	at	ADP	_	39 work	case
38	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	39 work	amod
39	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 have	parataxis
40	like	like	ADP	_	41 writing	case
41	writing	writing	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 work	nmod
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	Chimps	hands		like ours; with fingernails and a thumb	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient
2	touch	can	a thumb	the fingers			vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme finger=Co-Theme
3	grasp	can	chimps's big toe				vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
4	is	present	a chimp's thumb			short property	tree rules
5	is	present	we		fine work	like writing; well property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:017-how-close-are-apes-to-us.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/17-how-close-are-apes-to-us/5/