Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, clear-blooded fish and stone-stealing penguins, sentence 4

Emperor penguins huddle in big groups to keep warm in the Antarctic winter, and the males hold the egg on their feet under a warm fold of skin for about two months without eating while the females feed at sea; partners and chicks find each other in the crowd by their calls.

Who acts: Emperor penguins, males, females, partners, penguins · What happens: huddle, keep, hold, eat, feed, find · To what, where: big groups, egg, feet, sea, each, crowd · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: emperor huddles, krill, clear-blooded fish and stone-stealing penguins» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Emperor penguins, males, females, partners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Emperor	emperor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 penguins	compound
2	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 huddle	nsubj
3	huddle	huddle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 groups	case
5	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 groups	amod
6	groups	group	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 huddle	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 keep	mark
8	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 huddle	advcl
9	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 keep	xcomp
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 winter	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 winter	det
12	Antarctic	Antarctic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 winter	amod
13	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 keep	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 hold	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 hold	cc
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 males	det
17	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 hold	nsubj
18	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 huddle	conj
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 egg	det
20	egg	egg	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 hold	obj
21	on	on	ADP	_	23 feet	case
22	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 feet	nmod:poss
23	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 hold	obl
24	under	under	ADP	_	27 fold	case
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 fold	det
26	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 fold	amod
27	fold	fold	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 hold	obl
28	of	of	ADP	_	29 skin	case
29	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 fold	nmod
30	for	for	ADP	_	33 months	case
31	about	about	ADV	_	32 two	advmod
32	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	33 months	nummod
33	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 hold	obl
34	without	without	SCONJ	_	35 eating	mark
35	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 hold	advcl
36	while	while	SCONJ	_	39 feed	mark
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 females	det
38	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 feed	nsubj
39	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 eating	advcl
40	at	at	ADP	_	41 sea	case
41	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 feed	obl
42	;	;	PUNCT	_	43 partners	punct
43	partners	partner	NOUN	Number=Plur	46 find	nsubj
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	45 chicks	cc
45	chicks	chick	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 partners	conj
46	find	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 huddle	parataxis
47	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	46 find	obj
48	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	47 each	fixed
49	in	in	ADP	_	51 crowd	case
50	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	51 crowd	det
51	crowd	crowd	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 find	obl
52	by	by	ADP	_	54 calls	case
53	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	54 calls	nmod:poss
54	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	46 find	obl
55	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 huddle	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	huddle	present	Emperor penguins		big groups			vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in group=Location
2	keep	to-infinitive	Emperor penguins not said here			winter	warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	hold	present	the males	the egg	penguins's feet	month	under a warm fold of skin	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent egg=Theme on foot=Location
4	eat	gerund	the males not said here					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	feed	present	the females		sea			vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent
6	find	present	partners and chicks	each	the crowd		by penguins's calls	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Topic
7	call		penguins = penguin					nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:170-antarctica-emperor-huddles-krill-clear-blooded-fish-and-stone-stealing-penguins.lesson:4.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/170-antarctica-emperor-huddles-krill-clear-blooded-fish-and-stone-stealing-penguins/4/