The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid and life under the ice, sentence 8

Humpback whales blow rings of bubbles around krill and fish to trap them, and their songs change over the years as whales across an ocean learn the new songs.

Who acts: Humpback whales, songs, whales, fish · What happens: blow, trap, change, learn, sing · To what, where: rings, krill, new songs

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Southern Ocean: blue whales, colossal squid and life under the ice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Humpback whales, songs, whales, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Humpback	humpback	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 whales	amod
2	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 blow	nsubj
3	blow	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	rings	ring	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 blow	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 bubbles	case
6	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 rings	nmod
7	around	around	ADP	_	8 krill	case
8	krill	krill	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blow	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 fish	cc
10	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 krill	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 trap	mark
12	trap	trap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 blow	advcl
13	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 trap	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 change	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 change	cc
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 songs	nmod:poss
17	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 change	nsubj
18	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 blow	conj
19	over	over	ADP	_	21 years	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 years	det
21	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 change	obl
22	as	as	SCONJ	_	27 learn	mark
23	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 learn	nsubj
24	across	across	ADP	_	26 ocean	case
25	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 ocean	det
26	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 whales	nmod
27	learn	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 change	advcl
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 songs	det
29	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 songs	amod
30	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 learn	obj
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 blow	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	blow	present	Humpback whales	rings of bubbles	krill and fish		vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent ring=Patient
2	trap	to-infinitive	Humpback whales not said here	rings = ring			vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
3	change	present	fish's songs			year	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	learn	infinitive	whales across a ocean	the new songs			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Topic
5	sing		fish				nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/171-the-southern-ocean-blue-whales-colossal-squid-and-life-under-the-ice/8/