The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth, sentence 13
Many deep-sea animals are red or black, because red light does not reach the deep, so a red animal looks black and is hard to see; some deep fish even make red light that most other animals cannot see.
Who acts: Many sea animals, red light, red animal, most other animals · What happens: be, not reach, look, see, make, not see · To what, where: deep, red light
This is a sentence of the lesson «The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many sea animals, red light, red animal, most other animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 animals | amod |
| 2 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 sea | amod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 deep | punct |
| 4 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 animals | compound |
| 5 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 red | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 red | cop |
| 7 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 black | cc |
| 9 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 red | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 reach | punct |
| 11 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 16 reach | mark |
| 12 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 light | amod |
| 13 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 reach | nsubj |
| 14 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 reach | aux |
| 15 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 reach | advmod |
| 16 | reach | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 red | advcl |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 deep | det |
| 18 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 reach | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 looks | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 looks | advmod |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 animal | det |
| 22 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 animal | amod |
| 23 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 looks | nsubj |
| 24 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 reach | advcl |
| 25 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 looks | xcomp |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 hard | cc |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 hard | cop |
| 28 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 black | conj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 see | mark |
| 30 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 hard | csubj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 fish | punct |
| 32 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 34 fish | det |
| 33 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 fish | amod |
| 34 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 looks | parataxis |
| 35 | even | even | ADV | _ | 36 make | advmod |
| 36 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 fish | parataxis |
| 37 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 light | amod |
| 38 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 make | obj |
| 39 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 45 see | obj |
| 40 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 42 animals | amod |
| 41 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 animals | amod |
| 42 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 see | nsubj |
| 43 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 see | aux |
| 44 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 45 see | advmod |
| 45 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 light | acl:relcl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 red | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Many sea animals | red property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | Many sea animals not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | not reach | present · do-support | red light | the deep | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent deep=Theme | ||||
| 4 | look | present | a red animal | black property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | is | present | a red animal not said here | hard property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | see | to-infinitive | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 7 | make | present | red light | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset light=Product | |||||
| 8 | not see | can | most other animals | red light | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/13/