The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth, sentence 2

Every night, when it is dark above, huge crowds of fish, shrimp and squid swim up hundreds of metres to feed near the surface and sink back down at dawn, so many that ship sonar (which measures depth by sending sound down and timing the echo) once mistook them for the sea floor rising.

Who acts: light, huge crowds, ship sonar · What happens: be, swim up, feed, sink back, measure, send down · To what, where: hundreds, many, surface, depth, sound, echo

This is a sentence of the lesson «The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (light, huge crowds, ship sonar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 night	det
2	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 swim	obl:unmarked
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 night	punct
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	7 dark	advmod
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 dark	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 dark	cop
7	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 swim	advcl
8	above	above	ADV	_	7 dark	advmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 crowds	punct
10	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 crowds	amod
11	crowds	crowd	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 swim	nsubj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 fish	case
13	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 crowds	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 shrimp	punct
15	shrimp	shrimp	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fish	conj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 squid	cc
17	squid	squid	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fish	conj
18	swim	swim	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
19	up	up	PART	_	18 swim	compound:prt
20	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 swim	obj
21	of	of	ADP	_	22 metres	case
22	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 hundreds	nmod
23	to	to	PART	_	24 feed	mark
24	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	18 swim	advcl
25	near	near	ADP	_	27 surface	case
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 surface	det
27	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 feed	obl
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 sink	cc
29	sink	sink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 feed	conj
30	back	back	ADV	_	29 sink	advmod
31	down	down	ADV	_	29 sink	advmod
32	at	at	ADP	_	33 dawn	case
33	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 sink	obl
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 many	punct
35	so	so	ADV	_	36 many	advmod
36	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 feed	obj
37	that	that	SCONJ	_	42 measures	mark
38	ship	ship	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 sonar	compound
39	sonar	sonar	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 measures	nsubj
40	(	(	PUNCT	_	42 measures	punct
41	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	42 measures	nsubj
42	measures	measure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	36 many	advcl
43	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 measures	obj
44	by	by	SCONJ	_	45 sending	mark
45	sending	send	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	54 mistook	advcl
46	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 sending	obj
47	down	down	PART	_	45 sending	compound:prt
48	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 timing	cc
49	timing	time	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	45 sending	conj
50	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	51 echo	det
51	echo	echo	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 timing	obj
52	)	)	PUNCT	_	45 sending	punct
53	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	54 mistook	advmod
54	mistook	mistake	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	42 measures	conj
55	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	54 mistook	obj
56	for	for	ADP	_	60 rising	case
57	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	59 floor	det
58	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	59 floor	compound
59	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	60 rising	compound
60	rising	rise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	54 mistook	advcl
61	.	.	PUNCT	_	18 swim	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	light				above, dark property	tree rules
2	swim up	present	huge crowds of fish and shrimp and squid	hundreds of metres		night		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hundred=Trajectory
3	feed	to-infinitive	huge crowds of fish and shrimp and squid not said here	many	the surface			vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Recipient
4	sink back	infinitive	huge crowds of fish and shrimp and squid not said here			dawn	down property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	measure	present	ship sonar	depth				vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme depth=Value
6	send down	gerund		sound				vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme
7	time	gerund		the echo				vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Theme
8	mistake	past	ship sonar not said here	hundreds = hundred			once property	tree rules
9	rise	gerund	ship sonar not said here					vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/2/