The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth, sentence 1
In this twilight zone many animals make their own light, with rows of tiny lamps on their bellies, glowing clouds they squirt at enemies, or flashes like a torch switched on and off.
Who acts: many animals, animals · What happens: make, glow, squirt, switch on, light · To what, where: own light, twilight zone, glowing clouds, enemies, torch
This is a sentence of the lesson «The twilight zone: barreleyes, lanternfish and the biggest daily journey on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many animals, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 zone | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 zone | det |
| 3 | twilight | twilight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 zone | compound |
| 4 | zone | zone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 make | obl |
| 5 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 animals | amod |
| 6 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 make | nsubj |
| 7 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 light | nmod:poss |
| 9 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 light | amod |
| 10 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 make | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 rows | punct |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 rows | case |
| 13 | rows | row | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 make | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 lamps | case |
| 15 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 lamps | amod |
| 16 | lamps | lamp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 rows | nmod |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 bellies | case |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 bellies | nmod:poss |
| 19 | bellies | belly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 lamps | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 clouds | punct |
| 21 | glowing | glow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 clouds | amod |
| 22 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 lamps | conj |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 squirt | nsubj |
| 24 | squirt | squirt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 clouds | acl:relcl |
| 25 | at | at | ADP | _ | 26 enemies | case |
| 26 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 squirt | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 flashes | punct |
| 28 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 29 flashes | cc |
| 29 | flashes | flash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 light | conj |
| 30 | like | like | ADP | _ | 32 torch | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 torch | det |
| 32 | torch | torch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 flashes | nmod |
| 33 | switched | switch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 torch | acl |
| 34 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 switched | compound:prt |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 off | cc |
| 36 | off | off | ADP | _ | 34 on | conj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 make | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present | many animals | animals's own light or flashes like a torch | this twilight zone | with rows of tiny lamps on animals's bellies and glowing clouds | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Product | ||
| 2 | glow | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | squirt | present | animals = animal | glowing clouds not said here | enemies | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination-Conative»: agent=Agent cloud=Theme at enemy=Destination | |||
| 4 | switch on | participle | a torch not said here | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | light | animals = animal | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/175-the-twilight-zone-barreleyes-lanternfish-and-the-biggest-daily-journey-on-earth/1/