Vents and trenches: tubeworms, iron snails, the Challenger Deep and life without sunlight, sentence 8
The scaly-foot snail has a shell and scales made of iron sulfide, the only animal known to build armour from it, which may protect it from crabs and other predators.
Who acts: foot snail, armour · What happens: have, make, know, build, protect · To what, where: shell, only animal, armour, snail
This is a sentence of the lesson «Vents and trenches: tubeworms, iron snails, the Challenger Deep and life without sunlight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (foot snail, armour), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 snail | det |
| 2 | scaly | scaly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 foot | amod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 scaly | punct |
| 4 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 snail | compound |
| 5 | snail | snail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 has | nsubj |
| 6 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 shell | det |
| 8 | shell | shell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 has | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 scales | cc |
| 10 | scales | scale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 shell | conj |
| 11 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 shell | acl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 sulfide | case |
| 13 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sulfide | compound |
| 14 | sulfide | sulfide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 made | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 animal | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 animal | det |
| 17 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 animal | amod |
| 18 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sulfide | appos |
| 19 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 animal | acl |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 build | mark |
| 21 | build | build | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 known | xcomp |
| 22 | armour | armour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 build | obj |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 it | case |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 build | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 protect | punct |
| 26 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 protect | nsubj |
| 27 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 protect | aux |
| 28 | protect | protect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 armour | acl:relcl |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 protect | obj |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 31 crabs | case |
| 31 | crabs | crab | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 protect | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 predators | cc |
| 33 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 predators | amod |
| 34 | predators | predator | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 crabs | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | the foot snail | a shell and scales | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient | ||||
| 2 | make | participle | a shell and scales not said here | of iron sulfide | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 3 | know | participle | the only animal not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | build | to-infinitive | armour | from snail | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset armour=Product from it=Material | ||||
| 5 | protect | may | armour | snail | from crabs and other predators | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary from crab=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/177-vents-and-trenches-tubeworms-iron-snails-the-challenger-deep-and-life-without-sunlight/8/