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Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers, sentence 5

Stilt roots hold mangroves up in soft mud and also take in some air, and some mangroves have snorkel-like roots called pneumatophores that stick up and take in air, because the mud has little oxygen.

Who acts: Stilt roots, mangroves, like roots, mud · What happens: hold up, take, have, call, stick up · To what, where: mangroves, soft mud, air, like roots, pneumatophores, little oxygen · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stilt roots, mangroves, like roots, mud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

compoundnsubjobjcompound:prtcaseamodoblccadvmodconjcasedetoblpunctccdetnsubjconjcompoundpunctamodobjaclxcompnsubjacl:relclcompound:prtccconjcaseoblpunctmarkdetnsubjadvclamodobjpunctrootStiltNOUNrootsNOUNholdVERBmangrovesNOUNupADVinADPsoftADJmudNOUNandCCONJalsoADVtakeVERBinADPsomeDETairNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJsomeDETmangrovesNOUNhaveVERBsnorkelNOUN-PUNCTlikeADJrootsNOUNcalledVERBpneumatophoresNOUNthatPRONstickVERBupADPandCCONJtakeVERBinADPairNOUN,PUNCTbecauseSCONJtheDETmudNOUNhasVERBlittleADJoxygenNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1StiltstiltNOUNNumber=Sing2 rootscompound
2rootsrootNOUNNumber=Plur3 holdnsubj
3holdholdVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
4mangrovesmangroveNOUNNumber=Plur3 holdobj
5upupADV_3 holdcompound:prt
6ininADP_8 mudcase
7softsoftADJDegree=Pos8 mudamod
8mudmudNOUNNumber=Sing3 holdobl
9andandCCONJ_11 takecc
10alsoalsoADV_11 takeadvmod
11taketakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 holdconj
12ininADP_14 aircase
13somesomeDETPronType=Ind14 airdet
14airairNOUNNumber=Sing11 takeobl
15,,PUNCT_19 havepunct
16andandCCONJ_19 havecc
17somesomeDETPronType=Ind18 mangrovesdet
18mangrovesmangroveNOUNNumber=Plur19 havensubj
19havehaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 holdconj
20snorkelsnorkelNOUNNumber=Sing22 likecompound
21--PUNCT_20 snorkelpunct
22likelikeADJDegree=Pos23 rootsamod
23rootsrootNOUNNumber=Plur19 haveobj
24calledcallVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass23 rootsacl
25pneumatophorespneumatophoreNOUNNumber=Plur24 calledxcomp
26thatthatPRONPronType=Rel27 sticknsubj
27stickstickVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin23 rootsacl:relcl
28upupADP_27 stickcompound:prt
29andandCCONJ_30 takecc
30taketakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin27 stickconj
31ininADP_32 aircase
32airairNOUNNumber=Sing30 takeobl
33,,PUNCT_37 haspunct
34becausebecauseSCONJ_37 hasmark
35thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art36 muddet
36mudmudNOUNNumber=Sing37 hasnsubj
37hashaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin30 takeadvcl
38littlelittleADJDegree=Pos39 oxygenamod
39oxygenoxygenNOUNNumber=Sing37 hasobj
40..PUNCT_3 holdpunct

Pragmatics

form
statement
act
assert
voice
narrator
polarity
none
teacher
kept the draft
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1hold uppresentStilt rootsmangrovessoft mudvn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot mangrove=Theme
2takepresentStilt roots not said heresome airvn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in air=Location
3havepresentsome mangroveslike rootsvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient
4callparticiplelike roots not said herepneumatophoresvn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5stick uppresentlike rootsvn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
6takepresentlike roots not said hereairvn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in air=Location
7havepresentthe mudlittle oxygenvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/5/