Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers, sentence 5
Stilt roots hold mangroves up in soft mud and also take in some air, and some mangroves have snorkel-like roots called pneumatophores that stick up and take in air, because the mud has little oxygen.
Who acts: Stilt roots, mangroves, like roots, mud · What happens: hold up, take, have, call, stick up · To what, where: mangroves, soft mud, air, like roots, pneumatophores, little oxygen · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mangroves: trees in salt water, mudskippers, archerfish and swimming tigers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stilt roots, mangroves, like roots, mud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stilt | stilt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 roots | compound |
| 2 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 hold | nsubj |
| 3 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | mangroves | mangrove | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 hold | obj |
| 5 | up | up | ADV | _ | 3 hold | compound:prt |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 mud | case |
| 7 | soft | soft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 mud | amod |
| 8 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hold | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 take | cc |
| 10 | also | also | ADV | _ | 11 take | advmod |
| 11 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 hold | conj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 air | case |
| 13 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 14 air | det |
| 14 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 take | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 have | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 have | cc |
| 17 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 18 mangroves | det |
| 18 | mangroves | mangrove | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 have | nsubj |
| 19 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 hold | conj |
| 20 | snorkel | snorkel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 like | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 snorkel | punct |
| 22 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 roots | amod |
| 23 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 have | obj |
| 24 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 roots | acl |
| 25 | pneumatophores | pneumatophore | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 called | xcomp |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 stick | nsubj |
| 27 | stick | stick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 roots | acl:relcl |
| 28 | up | up | ADP | _ | 27 stick | compound:prt |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 take | cc |
| 30 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 stick | conj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 air | case |
| 32 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 take | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 has | punct |
| 34 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 37 has | mark |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 mud | det |
| 36 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 has | nsubj |
| 37 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 take | advcl |
| 38 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 oxygen | amod |
| 39 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 has | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 hold | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold up | present | Stilt roots | mangroves | soft mud | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot mangrove=Theme | |||
| 2 | take | present | Stilt roots not said here | some air | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in air=Location | ||||
| 3 | have | present | some mangroves | like roots | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Patient | ||||
| 4 | call | participle | like roots not said here | pneumatophores | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | stick up | present | like roots | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 6 | take | present | like roots not said here | air | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in air=Location | ||||
| 7 | have | present | the mud | little oxygen | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/178-mangroves-trees-in-salt-water-mudskippers-archerfish-and-swimming-tigers/5/