Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 1
Cave animals find their way in other ways: bats and swiftlets click and listen to the echoes, cave crickets feel the way with very long feelers, and some fish and the pale olm have lost their eyes altogether.
Who acts: Cave animals, bats, cave crickets, fish · What happens: find, click, listen, feel, lose · To what, where: way, other ways, eyes
This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cave animals, bats, cave crickets, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 animals | compound |
| 2 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 find | nsubj |
| 3 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 way | nmod:poss |
| 5 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 find | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 ways | case |
| 7 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 ways | amod |
| 8 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 find | obl |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 click | punct |
| 10 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 click | nsubj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 swiftlets | cc |
| 12 | swiftlets | swiftlet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 bats | conj |
| 13 | click | click | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 ways | parataxis |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 listen | cc |
| 15 | listen | listen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 click | conj |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 echoes | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 echoes | det |
| 18 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 listen | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 feel | punct |
| 20 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 crickets | compound |
| 21 | crickets | cricket | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 feel | nsubj |
| 22 | feel | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 click | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 way | det |
| 24 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 feel | obj |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 feelers | case |
| 26 | very | very | ADV | _ | 27 long | advmod |
| 27 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 feelers | amod |
| 28 | feelers | feeler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 feel | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 lost | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 lost | cc |
| 31 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 32 fish | det |
| 32 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 lost | nsubj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 olm | cc |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 olm | det |
| 35 | pale | pale | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 olm | amod |
| 36 | olm | olm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 fish | conj |
| 37 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 lost | aux |
| 38 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 22 feel | conj |
| 39 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 40 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 lost | obj |
| 41 | altogether | altogether | ADV | _ | 38 lost | advmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 find | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present | Cave animals | animals's way | other ways | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic | |||
| 2 | click | present | bats and swiftlets | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | listen | present | bats and swiftlets not said here | to the echoes | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme | ||||
| 4 | feel | present | cave crickets | the way | with long feelers | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme | |||
| 5 | lose | present · perfect | some fish and the pale olm | animals's eyes | altogether property | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/1/