Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 2

Food is scarce in the dark, so a lot of it comes from outside: bats fly out at sunset to eat insects and come back to drop their droppings, which feed beetles and worms on the cave floor.

Who acts: Food, lot, bats, droppings · What happens: be, come, fly out, eat, come back, drop · To what, where: dark, insects, droppings, beetles, cave floor

This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Food, lot, bats, droppings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 scarce	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 scarce	cop
3	scarce	scarce	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 dark	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 dark	det
6	dark	dark	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 scarce	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 comes	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	13 comes	advmod
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 lot	det
10	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 comes	nsubj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 lot	nmod
13	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 scarce	parataxis
14	from	from	ADP	_	15 outside	case
15	outside	outside	ADV	_	13 comes	obl
16	:	:	PUNCT	_	18 fly	punct
17	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 fly	nsubj
18	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 comes	parataxis
19	out	out	ADP	_	18 fly	compound:prt
20	at	at	ADP	_	21 sunset	case
21	sunset	sunset	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 fly	obl
22	to	to	PART	_	23 eat	mark
23	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 fly	advcl
24	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 eat	obj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 come	cc
26	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 eat	conj
27	back	back	ADV	_	26 come	advmod
28	to	to	PART	_	29 drop	mark
29	drop	drop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 come	advcl
30	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 droppings	nmod:poss
31	droppings	dropping	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 drop	obj
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 feed	punct
33	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	34 feed	nsubj
34	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 droppings	acl:relcl
35	beetles	beetle	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 feed	obj
36	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 worms	cc
37	worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 beetles	conj
38	on	on	ADP	_	41 floor	case
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	41 floor	det
40	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 floor	compound
41	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 feed	obl
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 scarce	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Food			the dark		scarce property	tree rules
2	come	present	a lot of Food						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from outside=Initial_Location
3	fly out	present	bats				sunset		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	eat	to-infinitive	bats not said here	insects					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient
5	come back	infinitive	bats not said here						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	drop	to-infinitive	bats not said here	bats's droppings					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dropping=Theme
7	feed	present	bats's droppings		beetles and worms	the cave floor			vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beetle=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/2/