Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 3
In Romania there is even a cave sealed off for millions of years where the air smells of rotten eggs, and the whole food chain starts with bacteria eating chemicals instead of sunlight.
Who acts: cave, air, whole food chain · What happens: be, seal off, smell, start, eat · To what, where: Romania, cave, chemicals
This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cave, air, whole food chain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 Romania | case |
| 2 | Romania | Romania | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 is | obl |
| 3 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 4 is | expl |
| 4 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | even | even | ADV | _ | 7 cave | advmod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 cave | det |
| 7 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 is | nsubj |
| 8 | sealed | seal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 cave | acl |
| 9 | off | off | ADP | _ | 8 sealed | compound:prt |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 millions | case |
| 11 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 sealed | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 years | case |
| 13 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 millions | nmod |
| 14 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 smells | advmod |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 air | det |
| 16 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 smells | nsubj |
| 17 | smells | smell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cave | acl:relcl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 eggs | case |
| 19 | rotten | rotten | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 eggs | amod |
| 20 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 smells | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 starts | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 starts | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 chain | det |
| 24 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 chain | amod |
| 25 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 chain | compound |
| 26 | chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 starts | nsubj |
| 27 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 smells | conj |
| 28 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 30 eating | mark |
| 29 | bacteria | bacteria | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 eating | compound |
| 30 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 starts | advcl |
| 31 | chemicals | chemical | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 eating | obj |
| 32 | instead | instead | ADV | ExtPos=ADP | 34 sunlight | case |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 instead | fixed |
| 34 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 eating | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 is | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | a cave | Romania; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in romania=Location | ||||
| 2 | seal off | participle | a cave not said here | for millions of years | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | smell | present | the air | of rotten eggs | vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Location of egg=Theme | ||||
| 4 | start | present | the whole food chain | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | eat | gerund | the whole food chain not said here | chemicals | instead sunlight | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chemical=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/3/