Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 4
Bracken Cave in Texas has millions of bats that fly out at dusk to eat insects, a cloud so big it shows on weather radar, and they eat tons of insects every night.
Who acts: Bracken Cave, bats, chain, millions · What happens: have, fly out, eat, show · To what, where: millions, insects, weather radar, tons
This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bracken Cave, bats, chain, millions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bracken | bracken | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Cave | compound |
| 2 | Cave | cave | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 has | nsubj |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 Texas | case |
| 4 | Texas | Texas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Cave | nmod |
| 5 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 has | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 bats | case |
| 8 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 millions | nmod |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 fly | nsubj |
| 10 | fly | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 bats | acl:relcl |
| 11 | out | out | ADP | _ | 10 fly | compound:prt |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 dusk | case |
| 13 | dusk | dusk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 fly | obl |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 eat | mark |
| 15 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 fly | advcl |
| 16 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 eat | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 cloud | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 cloud | det |
| 19 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 millions | appos |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 big | advmod |
| 21 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 cloud | amod |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 shows | nsubj |
| 23 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 big | advcl |
| 24 | on | on | ADP | _ | 26 radar | case |
| 25 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 radar | compound |
| 26 | radar | radar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 shows | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 eat | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 eat | cc |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 eat | nsubj |
| 30 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 has | conj |
| 31 | tons | ton | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 eat | obj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 insects | case |
| 33 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 tons | nmod |
| 34 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 night | det |
| 35 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 eat | obl:unmarked |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Bracken Cave in Texas | millions of bats | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Patient | ||||
| 2 | fly out | present | bats | dusk | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | eat | to-infinitive | bats not said here | insects | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient | ||||
| 4 | show | present | chain | weather radar | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | eat | present | millions = million | tons of insects | night | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ton=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/4/