Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 5
Bats find their way by echolocation, making clicks and listening to the echoes, but bats are not blind: many see well, and fruit bats use eyes and noses more than echoes.
Who acts: Bats, many, fruit bats · What happens: find, make, listen, not be, see, use · To what, where: way, clicks, eyes
This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, many, fruit bats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 find | nsubj |
| 2 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 way | nmod:poss |
| 4 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 find | obj |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 echolocation | case |
| 6 | echolocation | echolocation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 find | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 making | punct |
| 8 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 find | advcl |
| 9 | clicks | click | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 making | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 listening | cc |
| 11 | listening | listen | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 making | conj |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 echoes | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 echoes | det |
| 14 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 listening | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 blind | punct |
| 16 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 blind | cc |
| 17 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 blind | nsubj |
| 18 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 blind | cop |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 blind | advmod |
| 20 | blind | blind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 find | conj |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 see | punct |
| 22 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 see | nsubj |
| 23 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 blind | parataxis |
| 24 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 23 see | advmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 use | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 use | cc |
| 27 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 bats | compound |
| 28 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 use | nsubj |
| 29 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 see | conj |
| 30 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 use | obj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 noses | cc |
| 32 | noses | nose | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 eyes | conj |
| 33 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 29 use | advmod |
| 34 | than | than | ADP | _ | 35 echoes | case |
| 35 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 more | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 find | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present | Bats | bats's way | by echolocation | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic | |||
| 2 | make | gerund | Bats not said here | clicks | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset click=Product | ||||
| 3 | listen | gerund | Bats not said here | to the echoes | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not is | present | bats | blind property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | see | present | many | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | use | present | fruit bats | eyes and noses | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/5/