Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 11
Bat droppings, called guano, pile into huge heaps that feed cave beetles and worms, and guano was once mined as valuable fertilizer.
Who acts: Bat droppings, huge heaps · What happens: call, pile, feed, mine · To what, where: guano, Bat droppings, huge heaps, cave beetles · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bat droppings, huge heaps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 droppings | compound |
| 2 | droppings | dropping | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pile | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 called | punct |
| 4 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 droppings | acl |
| 5 | guano | guano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 called | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 pile | punct |
| 7 | pile | pile | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | into | into | ADP | _ | 10 heaps | case |
| 9 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 heaps | amod |
| 10 | heaps | heap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 pile | obl |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 feed | nsubj |
| 12 | feed | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 heaps | acl:relcl |
| 13 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 beetles | compound |
| 14 | beetles | beetle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 feed | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 worms | cc |
| 16 | worms | worm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 beetles | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 mined | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 mined | cc |
| 19 | guano | guano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 mined | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 mined | aux:pass |
| 21 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 22 mined | advmod |
| 22 | mined | mine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 pile | conj |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 fertilizer | case |
| 24 | valuable | valuable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 fertilizer | amod |
| 25 | fertilizer | fertilizer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 mined | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 pile | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | participle | Bat droppings not said here | guano | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | pile | present · passive | Bat droppings | huge heaps | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into heap=Destination | ||||
| 3 | feed | present | huge heaps | cave beetles and worms | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beetle=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | mine | past · passive | guano | as valuable fertilizer; once property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/11/