Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 12
Cave animals are cut off from each other, so many caves have kinds found nowhere else, and tiny animals live two kilometres down in Krubera Cave in Georgia.
Who acts: many caves, tiny animals · What happens: cut off, have, find, live · To what, where: Cave animals, each, kinds, Krubera Cave
This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many caves, tiny animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 animals | compound |
| 2 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 cut | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 cut | aux:pass |
| 4 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | off | off | ADP | _ | 4 cut | compound:prt |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 each | case |
| 7 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 4 cut | obl |
| 8 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 each | fixed |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 have | punct |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 13 have | advmod |
| 11 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 caves | amod |
| 12 | caves | cave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 have | nsubj |
| 13 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 cut | parataxis |
| 14 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 have | obj |
| 15 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 kinds | acl |
| 16 | nowhere | nowhere | ADV | PronType=Neg | 13 have | advmod |
| 17 | else | else | ADV | _ | 16 nowhere | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 live | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 live | cc |
| 20 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 animals | amod |
| 21 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 live | nsubj |
| 22 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 cut | conj |
| 23 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 kilometres | nummod |
| 24 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 down | obl:unmarked |
| 25 | down | down | ADV | _ | 22 live | advmod |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 Cave | case |
| 27 | Krubera | Krubera | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Cave | compound |
| 28 | Cave | cave | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 live | obl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 Georgia | case |
| 30 | Georgia | Georgia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Cave | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 cut | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cut off | present · passive | Cave animals | each | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Theme from each=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | have | present | many caves | kinds | nowhere property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient | |||
| 3 | find | participle | kinds not said here | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | live | present | tiny animals | Krubera Cave in Georgia | down property | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/12/