Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 9
Cave swiftlets are among the very few birds that echolocate, and some swiftlets build nests from their own saliva.
Who acts: Cave swiftlets, few birds, swiftlets · What happens: be, echolocate, build · To what, where: nests, own saliva
This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cave swiftlets, few birds, swiftlets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 swiftlets | compound |
| 2 | swiftlets | swiftlet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 are | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | among | among | ADP | _ | 8 birds | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 birds | det |
| 6 | very | very | ADV | _ | 7 few | advmod |
| 7 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 birds | amod |
| 8 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 are | obl |
| 9 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 echolocate | nsubj |
| 10 | echolocate | echolocate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 birds | acl:relcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 build | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 build | cc |
| 13 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 14 swiftlets | det |
| 14 | swiftlets | swiftlet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 build | nsubj |
| 15 | build | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 are | conj |
| 16 | nests | nest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 build | obj |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 saliva | case |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 saliva | nmod:poss |
| 19 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 saliva | amod |
| 20 | saliva | saliva | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 build | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 are | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | Cave swiftlets | among the few birds | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among bird=Location | ||||
| 2 | echolocate | present | the few birds | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | build | present | some swiftlets | nests | swiftlets's own saliva | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset nest=Product from saliva=Material |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/9/