Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave, sentence 8
In Waitomo Caves in New Zealand, glowworms, which are fly larvae (young flies, like maggots), glow to lure insects into sticky threads and make the ceiling look like a starry sky.
Who acts: glowworms, ceiling · What happens: be, glow, lure, make, look · To what, where: fly larvae, Waitomo Caves, insects, sticky threads, ceiling
This is a sentence of the lesson «Caves: bat clouds, blind fish, the olm, glowworms and a sealed cave» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glowworms, ceiling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 Caves | case |
| 2 | Waitomo | Waitomo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Caves | compound |
| 3 | Caves | cave | PROPN | Number=Plur | 22 glow | obl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Zealand | case |
| 5 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Zealand | flat |
| 6 | Zealand | Zealand | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Caves | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 glowworms | punct |
| 8 | glowworms | glowworm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 glow | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 larvae | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 larvae | nsubj |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 larvae | cop |
| 12 | fly | fly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 larvae | compound |
| 13 | larvae | larva | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 glowworms | acl:relcl |
| 14 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 flies | punct |
| 15 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 flies | amod |
| 16 | flies | fly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 larvae | appos |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 maggots | punct |
| 18 | like | like | ADP | _ | 19 maggots | case |
| 19 | maggots | maggot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 flies | nmod |
| 20 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 flies | punct |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 glow | punct |
| 22 | glow | glow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 lure | mark |
| 24 | lure | lure | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 glow | advcl |
| 25 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 lure | obj |
| 26 | into | into | ADP | _ | 28 threads | case |
| 27 | sticky | sticky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 threads | amod |
| 28 | threads | thread | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 lure | obl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 make | cc |
| 30 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 lure | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 ceiling | det |
| 32 | ceiling | ceiling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 make | obj |
| 33 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 make | xcomp |
| 34 | like | like | ADP | _ | 37 sky | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 sky | det |
| 36 | starry | starry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 sky | amod |
| 37 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 look | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 22 glow | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | glowworms | fly larvae | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | glow | present | glowworms | Waitomo Caves in New Zealand | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location | ||||
| 3 | lure | to-infinitive | glowworms not said here | insects | into sticky threads result | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent insect=Patient into thread=Result | |||
| 4 | make | infinitive | glowworms not said here | the ceiling | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | look | infinitive | the ceiling not said here | like a starry sky | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/179-caves-bat-clouds-blind-fish-the-olm-glowworms-and-a-sealed-cave/8/