The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 10

Lions are the only truly social cats; a pride is related females, their cubs and a few males, and together they hunt big prey, guard cubs and defend their land.

Who acts: Lions, pride, male · What happens: be, hunt, guard, defend · To what, where: only social cats, related females, big prey, cubs, land

This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lions, pride, male), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 cats	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 cats	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cats	det
4	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cats	amod
5	truly	truly	ADV	_	6 social	advmod
6	social	social	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cats	amod
7	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 hunt	parataxis
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 females	punct
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 pride	det
10	pride	pride	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 females	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 females	cop
12	related	related	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 females	amod
13	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 cats	parataxis
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 cubs	punct
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 cubs	nmod:poss
16	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 females	conj
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 males	cc
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 males	det
19	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 males	amod
20	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 cats	conj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 hunt	punct
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 hunt	cc
23	together	together	ADV	_	25 hunt	advmod
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 hunt	nsubj
25	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
26	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 prey	amod
27	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 hunt	obj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 cubs	punct
29	guard	guard	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 hunt	conj
30	cubs	cub	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 guard	obj
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 defend	cc
32	defend	defend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 hunt	conj
33	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	34 land	nmod:poss
34	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 defend	obj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 cats	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Lions	the only social cats and a few males		tree rules
2	is a	present	a pride	related females and females's cubs		tree rules
3	hunt	present	male	big prey	together property	vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme
4	guard	infinitive	male not said here	cubs		vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cub=Beneficiary
5	defend	present	male not said here	male's land		vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/10/