The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 9
Lionesses do most of the hunting as a team, some driving the prey and others waiting in ambush; they are lighter and faster than males, while males hunt big prey like buffalo and mostly guard the pride's land.
Who acts: Lionesses, some, males · What happens: do, drive, wait, be, hunt, guard · To what, where: most, prey, ambush, big prey, land
This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lionesses, some, males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lionesses | lioness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 do | nsubj |
| 2 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 2 do | obj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 hunting | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 hunting | det |
| 6 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 most | nmod |
| 7 | as | as | ADP | _ | 9 team | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 team | det |
| 9 | team | team | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 do | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 driving | punct |
| 11 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 driving | nsubj |
| 12 | driving | drive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 do | advcl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 prey | det |
| 14 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 driving | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 others | cc |
| 16 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 prey | conj |
| 17 | waiting | wait | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 driving | parataxis |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 ambush | case |
| 19 | ambush | ambush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 waiting | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 lighter | punct |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 lighter | nsubj |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 lighter | cop |
| 23 | lighter | light | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 do | parataxis |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 faster | cc |
| 25 | faster | fast | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 lighter | conj |
| 26 | than | than | ADP | _ | 27 males | case |
| 27 | males | male | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 lighter | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 hunt | punct |
| 29 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 31 hunt | mark |
| 30 | males | male | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 hunt | nsubj |
| 31 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 do | parataxis |
| 32 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 prey | amod |
| 33 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hunt | obj |
| 34 | like | like | ADP | _ | 35 buffalo | case |
| 35 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 prey | nmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 guard | cc |
| 37 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 38 guard | advmod |
| 38 | guard | guard | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 hunt | conj |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 pride | det |
| 40 | pride | pride | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 land | nmod:poss |
| 41 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 40 pride | case |
| 42 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 guard | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 do | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | present | Lionesses | most of the hunting | as a team | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | drive | gerund | some | the prey and others | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme prey=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | wait | gerund | ambush | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ambush=Location | |||||
| 4 | is | present | lionesses = lioness | than males; light property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be | lionesses = lioness not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | hunt | present | males | big prey | like buffalo | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme | |||
| 7 | guard | present | males not said here | the pride's land | mostly property | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/9/