The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 14

Lions rest or sleep up to about 20 hours a day to save energy for hunting, and a lion can eat 30 kilograms or more at one meal and then not eat for days.

Who acts: Lions, lion · What happens: rest, sleep up, save, eat, not eat · To what, where: energy, 30 kilograms, one meal

This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lions, lion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lions	lion	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 rest	nsubj
2	rest	rest	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 sleep	cc
4	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 rest	conj
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 sleep	compound:prt
6	to	to	ADP	_	9 hours	case
7	about	about	ADV	_	8 20	advmod
8	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 hours	nummod
9	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sleep	obl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 day	det
11	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hours	nmod
12	to	to	PART	_	13 save	mark
13	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 day	acl
14	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 save	obj
15	for	for	ADP	_	16 hunting	case
16	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 save	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 eat	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 eat	cc
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 lion	det
20	lion	lion	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 eat	nsubj
21	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 eat	aux
22	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 sleep	conj
23	30	30	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	24 kilograms	nummod
24	kilograms	kilogram	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 eat	obj
25	or	or	CCONJ	_	26 more	cc
26	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	24 kilograms	conj
27	at	at	ADP	_	29 meal	case
28	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	29 meal	nummod
29	meal	meal	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 eat	obl
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 eat	cc
31	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	33 eat	advmod
32	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	33 eat	advmod
33	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 eat	conj
34	for	for	ADP	_	35 days	case
35	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 eat	obl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 rest	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rest	present	Lions					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	sleep up	present	Lions not said here			hour		vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	save	to-infinitive	Lions not said here	energy			for hunting	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent energy=Theme for hunting=Source
4	eat	can	a lion	30 kilograms	one meal			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilogram=Patient
5	not eat	infinitive	a lion not said here			then; day		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/14/