The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 17
Wild lions now live mainly in parts of Africa, and Asiatic lions only in and around Gir Forest in India, where a 2025 count was reported at about 890; lions lose land to farms and are killed when they attack cattle.
Who acts: Wild lions, lions, farms · What happens: live, report, lose, kill, attack · To what, where: parts, 2025 count, 890, land, cattle
This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wild lions, lions, farms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 lions | amod |
| 2 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 live | nsubj |
| 3 | now | now | ADV | _ | 4 live | advmod |
| 4 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | mainly | mainly | ADV | _ | 4 live | advmod |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 parts | case |
| 7 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 live | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Africa | case |
| 9 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 parts | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 in | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 in | cc |
| 12 | Asiatic | Asiatic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 lions | amod |
| 13 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 in | nsubj |
| 14 | only | only | ADV | _ | 15 in | advmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADV | _ | 4 live | advmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 Forest | cc |
| 17 | around | around | ADP | _ | 15 in | conj |
| 18 | Gir | Gir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Forest | compound |
| 19 | Forest | Forest | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 in | obl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 India | case |
| 21 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Forest | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 reported | punct |
| 23 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 28 reported | advmod |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 count | det |
| 25 | 2025 | 2025 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 count | nummod |
| 26 | count | count | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 reported | aux:pass |
| 28 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 Forest | acl:relcl |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 31 890 | case |
| 30 | about | about | ADV | _ | 31 890 | advmod |
| 31 | 890 | 890 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 reported | obl |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 34 lose | punct |
| 33 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 lose | nsubj |
| 34 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 live | parataxis |
| 35 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 lose | obj |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 farms | case |
| 37 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 lose | obl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 killed | cc |
| 39 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 killed | aux:pass |
| 40 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 lose | conj |
| 41 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 43 attack | mark |
| 42 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 attack | nsubj |
| 43 | attack | attack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 killed | advcl |
| 44 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 attack | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Wild lions | parts of Africa | now | mainly property | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in part=Location | ||
| 2 | report | past · passive | a 2025 count | 890 | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | lose | present | lions | land | to farms | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Eventuality | |||
| 4 | kill | present · passive | lions not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | |||||
| 5 | attack | present | farms = farm | cattle | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/17/