The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 16
Lions are the only cats with a tuft at the end of the tail, which may help the pride follow each other in long grass; some have a small hard spur hidden in it, and nobody knows what it is for.
Who acts: Lions, tail, pride, some, nobody · What happens: be, help, follow, have, hide, know · To what, where: only cats, pride, each, long grass, small hard spur, grass
This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lions, tail, pride, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 cats | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 cats | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 cats | det |
| 4 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 cats | amod |
| 5 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 tuft | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 tuft | det |
| 8 | tuft | tuft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cats | nmod |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 end | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 end | det |
| 11 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 tuft | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 tail | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 tail | det |
| 14 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 end | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 help | punct |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 help | nsubj |
| 17 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 help | aux |
| 18 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 tail | acl:relcl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 pride | det |
| 20 | pride | pride | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 help | obj |
| 21 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 help | xcomp |
| 22 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 21 follow | obj |
| 23 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 each | fixed |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 grass | case |
| 25 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 grass | amod |
| 26 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 follow | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 have | punct |
| 28 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 29 have | nsubj |
| 29 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 cats | conj |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 spur | det |
| 31 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 spur | amod |
| 32 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 spur | amod |
| 33 | spur | spur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 have | obj |
| 34 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 spur | acl |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 it | case |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 hidden | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 knows | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 knows | cc |
| 39 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 40 knows | nsubj |
| 40 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 have | conj |
| 41 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 40 knows | obj |
| 42 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 for | nsubj |
| 43 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 for | cop |
| 44 | for | for | ADP | _ | 41 what | case |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 cats | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Lions | the only cats | with a tuft at the end of the tail | tree rules | |||
| 2 | help | may | the tail | the pride | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent pride=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 3 | follow | infinitive | the pride not said here | each | long grass | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent each=Theme in grass=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | have | present | some | a small hard spur | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spur=Patient | ||||
| 5 | hide | participle | a small hard spur not said here | grass | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in it=Location | ||||
| 6 | know | present | nobody | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/16/