The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars, sentence 4
The real king is in trouble: wild lions have lost most of the land they once roamed across Africa, southern Europe and Asia.
Who acts: real king, wild lions, male · What happens: be, lose, roam · To what, where: trouble, most, land, Africa
This is a sentence of the lesson «The lion: why people call it «king of the beasts»; prides and roars» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (real king, wild lions, male), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 king | det |
| 2 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 king | amod |
| 3 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 trouble | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 trouble | cop |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 trouble | case |
| 6 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 lost | punct |
| 8 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 lions | amod |
| 9 | lions | lion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 lost | nsubj |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 lost | aux |
| 11 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 trouble | parataxis |
| 12 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 11 lost | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 land | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 land | det |
| 15 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 most | nmod |
| 16 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 roamed | nsubj |
| 17 | once | once | ADV | _ | 18 roamed | advmod |
| 18 | roamed | roam | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 land | acl:relcl |
| 19 | across | across | ADP | _ | 20 Africa | case |
| 20 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 roamed | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Europe | punct |
| 22 | southern | southern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 Europe | amod |
| 23 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 Africa | conj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 Asia | cc |
| 25 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Europe | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 trouble | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the real king | trouble | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | lose | present · perfect | wild lions | most of the land | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | roam | past | male | the land not said here | Africa and southern Europe and Asia | once property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme land=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:018-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/18-the-lion-king-of-the-beasts/4/