The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions, sentence 10

The flightless cormorant is the only cormorant that cannot fly; with no land predators and food in the sea, its wings shrank over many generations.

Who acts: flightless cormorant, only cormorant, wings · What happens: be, not fly, shrink · To what, where: only cormorant, many generations

This is a sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flightless cormorant, only cormorant, wings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cormorant	det
2	flightless	flightless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 cormorant	amod
3	cormorant	cormorant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cormorant	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 cormorant	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cormorant	det
6	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cormorant	amod
7	cormorant	cormorant	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 fly	nsubj
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 fly	aux
10	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 fly	advmod
11	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 cormorant	acl:relcl
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 shrank	punct
13	with	with	ADP	_	16 predators	case
14	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	16 predators	det
15	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 predators	compound
16	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 shrank	obl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 food	cc
18	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 predators	conj
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 sea	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 sea	det
21	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 food	nmod
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 shrank	punct
23	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	24 wings	nmod:poss
24	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 shrank	nsubj
25	shrank	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 cormorant	parataxis
26	over	over	ADP	_	28 generations	case
27	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 generations	amod
28	generations	generation	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 shrank	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 cormorant	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the flightless cormorant	the only cormorant			tree rules
2	not fly	can	the only cormorant				vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	shrink	past	cormorant's wings		over many generations	with no land predators and food in the sea	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with predator=Instrument

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/10/