The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions, sentence 4
Galápagos giant tortoises are among the largest tortoises and can live over a hundred years; on dry islands their saddle-shaped shells let them stretch up to tall cactus.
Who acts: Galápagos giant tortoises, shaped shells, tortoises · What happens: be, live, shape, let, stretch up · To what, where: tortoises, dry islands, tall cactus
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Galápagos giant tortoises, shaped shells, tortoises), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Galápagos | Galápagos | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 tortoises | compound |
| 2 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 tortoises | amod |
| 3 | tortoises | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 tortoises | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 tortoises | cop |
| 5 | among | among | ADP | _ | 8 tortoises | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 tortoises | det |
| 7 | largest | large | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 8 tortoises | amod |
| 8 | tortoises | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 live | cc |
| 10 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 live | aux |
| 11 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 tortoises | conj |
| 12 | over | over | ADP | _ | 15 years | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 hundred | det |
| 14 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 years | nummod |
| 15 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 live | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 let | punct |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 islands | case |
| 18 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 islands | amod |
| 19 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 let | obl |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 shells | nmod:poss |
| 21 | saddle | saddle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 shaped | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 shaped | punct |
| 23 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 shells | amod |
| 24 | shells | shell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 let | nsubj |
| 25 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 11 live | parataxis |
| 26 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 let | obj |
| 27 | stretch | stretch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 let | xcomp |
| 28 | up | up | PART | _ | 27 stretch | compound:prt |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 cactus | case |
| 30 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 cactus | amod |
| 31 | cactus | cactus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stretch | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 tortoises | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Galápagos giant tortoises | among the largest tortoises | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | live | can | Galápagos giant tortoises not said here | year | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | shape | participle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||||
| 4 | let | infinitive | tortoises's shaped shells | tortoises = tortoise | dry islands | tree rules | |||
| 5 | stretch up | infinitive | tortoises = tortoise not said here | tall cactus | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to cactus=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/4/