The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions, sentence 3
In 1835 Charles Darwin visited on the ship Beagle and noticed that birds and tortoises were a little different on each island, and those clues helped him explain how living things change over many generations.
Who acts: Charles, birds, clues, living things · What happens: visit, notice, be, help, explain, change · To what, where: ship, 1835, island, Charles, many generations · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles, birds, clues, living things), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1835 | case |
| 2 | 1835 | 1835 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 visited | obl |
| 3 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 visited | nsubj |
| 4 | Darwin | Darwin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Charles | flat |
| 5 | visited | visit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 Beagle | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 ship | det |
| 8 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 visited | obl |
| 9 | Beagle | Beagle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 ship | appos |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 noticed | cc |
| 11 | noticed | notice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 visited | conj |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 different | mark |
| 13 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 different | nsubj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 tortoises | cc |
| 15 | tortoises | tortoise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 birds | conj |
| 16 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 different | cop |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 little | det |
| 18 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 different | obl |
| 19 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 noticed | ccomp |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 island | case |
| 21 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 22 island | det |
| 22 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 different | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 helped | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 helped | cc |
| 25 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 26 clues | det |
| 26 | clues | clue | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 helped | nsubj |
| 27 | helped | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 visited | conj |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 helped | obj |
| 29 | explain | explain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 helped | xcomp |
| 30 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 33 change | advmod |
| 31 | living | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 things | amod |
| 32 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 change | nsubj |
| 33 | change | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 explain | ccomp |
| 34 | over | over | ADP | _ | 36 generations | case |
| 35 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 generations | amod |
| 36 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 change | obl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 visited | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=narrate
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | visit | past | Charles | the ship | 1835 | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | notice | past | Charles not said here | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | is | past | birds and tortoises | each island | a little obl; different property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | help | past | that clues | Charles | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 5 | explain speech: assert | infinitive | Charles not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | change | present | living things | over many generations | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/3/