The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions, sentence 2
Because people hardly ever hunted them, the animals are not afraid: a sea lion may nap on a park bench while you walk past, like a neighbour's cat that does not bother to move.
Who acts: people, animals, sea lion, you, cat · What happens: hunt, not be, nap, walk, not bother, not move · To what, where: lizard, park bench
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Galápagos: giant tortoises, sea iguanas, Darwin's finches and tame sea lions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, animals, sea lion, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Because | because | SCONJ | _ | 5 hunted | mark |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hunted | nsubj |
| 3 | hardly | hardly | ADV | _ | 5 hunted | advmod |
| 4 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 5 hunted | advmod |
| 5 | hunted | hunt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 6 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 hunted | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 afraid | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 animals | det |
| 9 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 afraid | nsubj |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 afraid | cop |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 afraid | advmod |
| 12 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 hunted | conj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 nap | punct |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 lion | det |
| 15 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lion | compound |
| 16 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 nap | nsubj |
| 17 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 nap | aux |
| 18 | nap | nap | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 afraid | parataxis |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 bench | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 bench | det |
| 21 | park | park | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bench | compound |
| 22 | bench | bench | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 nap | obl |
| 23 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 25 walk | mark |
| 24 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 25 walk | nsubj |
| 25 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 nap | advcl |
| 26 | past | past | ADV | _ | 25 walk | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 cat | punct |
| 28 | like | like | ADP | _ | 32 cat | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 neighbour | det |
| 30 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 cat | nmod:poss |
| 31 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 30 neighbour | case |
| 32 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 nap | obl |
| 33 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 bother | nsubj |
| 34 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 bother | aux |
| 35 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 36 bother | advmod |
| 36 | bother | bother | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 cat | acl:relcl |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 move | mark |
| 38 | move | move | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 bother | xcomp |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 afraid | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hunt | participle | people | lizard | ever | hardly property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||
| 2 | not is | present | the animals | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | nap | may | a sea lion | a park bench | like a neighbour's cat | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | walk | present | you | past property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | not bother | present · do-support | a neighbour's cat | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | not move | to-infinitive | a neighbour's cat not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/180-the-galapagos-giant-tortoises-sea-iguanas-darwins-finches-and-tame-sea-lions/2/