Mountains of the world: snow leopards, high-flying geese, condors and Everest spiders, sentence 7
Bar-headed geese fly over the Himalayas, the highest mountains on Earth; their blood carries oxygen very well, and they often fly at night or early morning, when the air is cooler and denser.
Who acts: headed geese, blood, geese, air · What happens: fly, carry, be · To what, where: Himalayas, oxygen
This is a sentence of the lesson «Mountains of the world: snow leopards, high-flying geese, condors and Everest spiders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (headed geese, blood, geese, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bar | bar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 headed | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 Bar | punct |
| 3 | headed | head | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 geese | amod |
| 4 | geese | geese | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fly | nsubj |
| 5 | fly | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | over | over | ADP | _ | 8 Himalayas | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Himalayas | det |
| 8 | Himalayas | Himalayas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 fly | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 mountains | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 mountains | det |
| 11 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 12 mountains | amod |
| 12 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 Himalayas | appos |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 Earth | case |
| 14 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 mountains | nmod |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 carries | punct |
| 16 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 blood | nmod:poss |
| 17 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 carries | nsubj |
| 18 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fly | parataxis |
| 19 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 carries | obj |
| 20 | very | very | ADV | _ | 21 well | advmod |
| 21 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 carries | advmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 fly | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 fly | cc |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 fly | nsubj |
| 25 | often | often | ADV | _ | 26 fly | advmod |
| 26 | fly | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fly | conj |
| 27 | at | at | ADP | _ | 28 night | case |
| 28 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 fly | obl |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 morning | cc |
| 30 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 morning | amod |
| 31 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 night | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 cooler | punct |
| 33 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 37 cooler | advmod |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 air | det |
| 35 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 cooler | nsubj |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 cooler | cop |
| 37 | cooler | cool | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 26 fly | advcl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 denser | cc |
| 39 | denser | dense | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 37 cooler | conj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fly | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | present | headed geese | the Himalayas | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over himalayas=Location | ||||
| 2 | carry | present | geese's blood | oxygen | well property | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme | |||
| 3 | fly | present | geese | night | often property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | is | present | the air | cool property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | be | the air not said here | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:183-mountains-of-the-world-snow-leopards-high-flying-geese-condors-and-everest-spiders.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/183-mountains-of-the-world-snow-leopards-high-flying-geese-condors-and-everest-spiders/7/