Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hippos, giant catfish and the Pantanal, sentence 7
The Ganges river dolphin is almost blind and finds food by echolocation (making clicks and listening for their echoes), because the muddy river water makes eyes nearly useless, and it swims on its side to search the bottom.
Who acts: Ganges river dolphin, muddy river water, water · What happens: be, find, make, listen, swim, search · To what, where: food, clicks, eyes, side, bottom
This is a sentence of the lesson «Great rivers and wetlands: Nile crocodiles, hippos, giant catfish and the Pantanal» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ganges river dolphin, muddy river water, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 dolphin | det |
| 2 | Ganges | Ganges | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 dolphin | compound |
| 3 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 dolphin | compound |
| 4 | dolphin | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 blind | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 blind | cop |
| 6 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 7 blind | advmod |
| 7 | blind | blind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 finds | cc |
| 9 | finds | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 blind | conj |
| 10 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 finds | obj |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 echolocation | case |
| 12 | echolocation | echolocation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 finds | obl |
| 13 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 14 making | punct |
| 14 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 finds | conj |
| 15 | clicks | click | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 making | obj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 listening | cc |
| 17 | listening | listen | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 making | conj |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 20 echoes | case |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 echoes | nmod:poss |
| 20 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 listening | obl |
| 21 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 14 making | punct |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 makes | punct |
| 23 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 28 makes | mark |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 water | det |
| 25 | muddy | muddy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 water | amod |
| 26 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 water | compound |
| 27 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 makes | nsubj |
| 28 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 blind | advcl |
| 29 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 makes | obj |
| 30 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 31 useless | advmod |
| 31 | useless | useless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 makes | xcomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 swims | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 swims | cc |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 swims | nsubj |
| 35 | swims | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 blind | conj |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 side | case |
| 37 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 side | nmod:poss |
| 38 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 swims | obl |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 search | mark |
| 40 | search | search | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 swims | advcl |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 bottom | det |
| 42 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 search | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 blind | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the Ganges river dolphin | almost, blind property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | find | present | the Ganges river dolphin not said here | food | by echolocation | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic | |||
| 3 | make | gerund | the Ganges river dolphin not said here | clicks | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset click=Product | ||||
| 4 | listen | gerund | the Ganges river dolphin not said here | for dolphins's echoes | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for echo=Theme | ||||
| 5 | make | present | the muddy river water | eyes | useless property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset eye=Product | |||
| 6 | swim | present | water | water's side | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on side=Trajectory | ||||
| 7 | search | to-infinitive | water not said here | the bottom | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent bottom=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/184-great-rivers-and-wetlands-nile-crocodiles-hippos-giant-catfish-and-the-pantanal/7/