Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest, sentence 14

The sloth is one of the slowest mammals, because its leafy food gives little energy, and being slow helps it hide from hawks, which spot movement.

Who acts: sloth, leafy food, food, hawks · What happens: be, give, help, hide, spot · To what, where: one, little energy, movement

This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sloth, leafy food, food, hawks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sloth	det
2	sloth	sloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 one	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 one	cop
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 mammals	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 mammals	det
7	slowest	slow	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 mammals	amod
8	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 one	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 gives	punct
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	14 gives	mark
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 food	nmod:poss
12	leafy	leafy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 food	amod
13	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 gives	nsubj
14	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 one	advcl
15	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 energy	amod
16	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 gives	obj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 helps	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 helps	cc
19	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	20 slow	cop
20	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 helps	csubj
21	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 gives	conj
22	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 hide	nsubj
23	hide	hide	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 helps	xcomp
24	from	from	ADP	_	25 hawks	case
25	hawks	hawk	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 hide	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 hawks	punct
27	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 spot	nsubj
28	spot	spot	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 hawks	acl:relcl
29	movement	movement	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 spot	obj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 one	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the sloth	one	of the slowest mammals	tree rules
2	give	present	sloth's leafy food	little energy		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
3	is	gerund			slow property	tree rules
4	help	present	sloth's leafy food not said here			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5	hide	infinitive	food		from hawks	vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent from hawk=Beneficiary
6	spot	present	hawks	movement		vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme movement=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest/14/