Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest, sentence 15
Horses are strong runners over long distances, and they can doze standing up because tendons (strong cords joining muscles to bones) lock their legs, ready to run the moment they wake.
Who acts: Horses, strong cords, tendons · What happens: be, doze, stand up, join, lock, run · To what, where: strong runners, muscles, legs, moment
This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horses, strong cords, tendons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 runners | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 runners | cop |
| 3 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 runners | amod |
| 4 | runners | runner | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | over | over | ADV | _ | 6 long | advmod |
| 6 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 distances | amod |
| 7 | distances | distance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 runners | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 doze | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 doze | cc |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 doze | nsubj |
| 11 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 doze | aux |
| 12 | doze | doze | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 runners | conj |
| 13 | standing | stand | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 doze | xcomp |
| 14 | up | up | ADV | _ | 13 standing | compound:prt |
| 15 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 25 lock | mark |
| 16 | tendons | tendon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 lock | nsubj |
| 17 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 19 cords | punct |
| 18 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 cords | amod |
| 19 | cords | cord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 tendons | appos |
| 20 | joining | join | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 cords | acl |
| 21 | muscles | muscle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 joining | obj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 bones | case |
| 23 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 joining | obl |
| 24 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 19 cords | punct |
| 25 | lock | lock | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 doze | advcl |
| 26 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 legs | nmod:poss |
| 27 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 lock | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 ready | punct |
| 29 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 doze | conj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 run | mark |
| 31 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 ready | xcomp |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 moment | det |
| 33 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 run | obj |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 wake | nsubj |
| 35 | wake | wake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 moment | acl:relcl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 runners | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Horses | strong runners | long distances obl:unmarked | tree rules | |||
| 2 | doze | can | Horses = horse | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | stand up | gerund | Horses = horse not said here | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | join | gerund | strong cords not said here | muscles | to bones | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent muscle=Patient to bone=Co-Patient | |||
| 5 | lock | present | tendons | tendons's legs | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient | ||||
| 6 | run | to-infinitive | Horses = horse not said here | moment | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | wake | present | Horses = horse | the moment not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent moment=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest/15/