Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest, sentence 9
The tiger beetle runs so fast for its size that its eyes cannot keep up, so it stops to look again; for its size it is faster than a cheetah.
Who acts: tiger beetle, eyes, beetle · What happens: run, not keep up, stop, look, be
This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tiger beetle, eyes, beetle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 beetle | det |
| 2 | tiger | tiger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 beetle | compound |
| 3 | beetle | beetle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 runs | nsubj |
| 4 | runs | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | so | so | ADV | _ | 6 fast | advmod |
| 6 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 runs | advmod |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 size | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 size | nmod:poss |
| 9 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 fast | obl |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 15 keep | mark |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 12 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 keep | nsubj |
| 13 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 keep | aux |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 keep | advmod |
| 15 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 fast | advcl |
| 16 | up | up | ADP | _ | 15 keep | compound:prt |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 stops | punct |
| 18 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 stops | advmod |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 stops | nsubj |
| 20 | stops | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 runs | conj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 look | mark |
| 22 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 stops | xcomp |
| 23 | again | again | ADV | _ | 22 look | advmod |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 faster | punct |
| 25 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 size | case |
| 26 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 size | nmod:poss |
| 27 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 faster | obl |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 faster | nsubj |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 faster | cop |
| 30 | faster | fast | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 4 runs | parataxis |
| 31 | than | than | ADP | _ | 33 cheetah | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 cheetah | det |
| 33 | cheetah | cheetah | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 faster | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 runs | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | present | the tiger beetle | fast property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not keep up | can | beetle's eyes | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | stop | present | beetle | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | look | to-infinitive | beetle not said here | again | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | is | present | beetle | for beetle's size; than a cheetah; fast property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest/9/