Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest, sentence 11

Mexican free-tailed bats may fly over a hundred and sixty kilometres an hour with long narrow wings, which may make them the fastest in level flight, though not all scientists agree.

Who acts: Mexican tailed bats, long narrow wings, scientists · What happens: tail, fly, make, agree · To what, where: hundred kilometres, kilometres

This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the fastest and the slowest» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mexican tailed bats, long narrow wings, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mexican	Mexican	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 bats	amod
2	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 tailed	compound
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 free	punct
4	tailed	tail	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 bats	amod
5	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fly	nsubj
6	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 fly	aux
7	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	over	over	ADP	_	10 hundred	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 hundred	det
10	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 kilometres	nummod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 sixty	cc
12	sixty	sixty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 hundred	conj
13	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fly	obj
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 hour	det
15	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 kilometres	nmod:unmarked
16	with	with	ADP	_	19 wings	case
17	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 wings	amod
18	narrow	narrow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 wings	amod
19	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fly	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 make	punct
21	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 make	nsubj
22	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	23 make	aux
23	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 wings	acl:relcl
24	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 make	obj
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 fastest	det
26	fastest	fast	ADJ	Degree=Sup	23 make	xcomp
27	in	in	ADP	_	29 flight	case
28	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 flight	compound
29	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 fastest	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 agree	punct
31	though	though	SCONJ	_	35 agree	mark
32	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	33 all	advmod
33	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	34 scientists	det
34	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 agree	nsubj
35	agree	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 fly	advcl
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 fly	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=assert

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	tail	participle				vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
2	fly	may	Mexican tailed bats	hundred kilometres a hour	with long narrow wings	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location kilometre=Theme
3	make	may	long narrow wings	kilometres = kilometre	fast property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product
4	agree speech: agree	present	all scientists			vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/185-record-breakers-the-fastest-and-the-slowest/11/