Record-breakers: the most venomous and poisonous, sentence 5
Snake venom is collected to make antivenom: tiny amounts are given to horses or sheep, whose blood makes antibodies (helpers that fight the venom), and antivenom saves thousands of lives every year.
Who acts: blood, helpers, antivenom · What happens: collect, make, give, fight, save · To what, where: Snake venom, antivenom, tiny amounts, horses, antibodies, venom
This is a sentence of the lesson «Record-breakers: the most venomous and poisonous» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (blood, helpers, antivenom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Snake | snake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 venom | compound |
| 2 | venom | venom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 collected | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 collected | aux:pass |
| 4 | collected | collect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 make | mark |
| 6 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 collected | advcl |
| 7 | antivenom | antivenom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 make | obj |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 given | punct |
| 9 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 amounts | amod |
| 10 | amounts | amount | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 given | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 given | aux:pass |
| 12 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 collected | parataxis |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 horses | case |
| 14 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 given | obl |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 sheep | cc |
| 16 | sheep | sheep | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 horses | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 makes | punct |
| 18 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 19 blood | nmod:poss |
| 19 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 makes | nsubj |
| 20 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 horses | acl:relcl |
| 21 | antibodies | antibody | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 makes | obj |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 23 helpers | punct |
| 23 | helpers | helper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 antibodies | appos |
| 24 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 fight | nsubj |
| 25 | fight | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 helpers | acl:relcl |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 venom | det |
| 27 | venom | venom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 fight | obj |
| 28 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 23 helpers | punct |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 saves | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 saves | cc |
| 31 | antivenom | antivenom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 saves | nsubj |
| 32 | saves | save | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 makes | conj |
| 33 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 saves | obj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 lives | case |
| 35 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 thousands | nmod |
| 36 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 37 year | det |
| 37 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 saves | obl:unmarked |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 collected | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | collect | present · passive | Snake venom | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | antivenom | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset antivenom=Product | |||||
| 3 | give | present · passive | tiny amounts | horses or sheep | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to horse=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | make | present | blood | antibodies | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material antibody=Product | ||||
| 5 | fight | present | helpers | the venom | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent venom=Co-Agent | ||||
| 6 | save | present | antivenom | thousands of lives | year | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/188-record-breakers-the-most-venomous-and-poisonous/5/