The tiger: the biggest and strongest cat, a solitary and cunning hunter, sentence 13
Tigers have white spots on the backs of their ears, which may help cubs follow their mother or look like eyes watching; servals and many other wild cats have them too.
Who acts: Tigers, white spots, cubs, eyes, servals · What happens: have, help, follow, look, watch · To what, where: white spots, backs, mother, eyes
This is a sentence of the lesson «The tiger: the biggest and strongest cat, a solitary and cunning hunter» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tigers, white spots, cubs, eyes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tigers | tiger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 spots | amod |
| 4 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | obj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 backs | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 backs | det |
| 7 | backs | back | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 spots | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 ears | case |
| 9 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 ears | nmod:poss |
| 10 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 backs | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 help | punct |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 help | nsubj |
| 13 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 help | aux |
| 14 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 spots | acl:relcl |
| 15 | cubs | cub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 follow | nsubj |
| 16 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 help | xcomp |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 mother | nmod:poss |
| 18 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 follow | obj |
| 19 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 look | cc |
| 20 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 help | conj |
| 21 | like | like | SCONJ | _ | 23 watching | mark |
| 22 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 watching | nsubj |
| 23 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 look | advcl |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 servals | punct |
| 25 | servals | serval | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 have | nsubj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 cats | cc |
| 27 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 cats | amod |
| 28 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 cats | amod |
| 29 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 cats | amod |
| 30 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 servals | conj |
| 31 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 have | parataxis |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 have | obj |
| 33 | too | too | ADV | _ | 31 have | advmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Tigers | white spots | the backs of backs's ears | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient | |||
| 2 | help | may | white spots | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | follow | infinitive | cubs | cubs's mother | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mother=Theme | ||||
| 4 | look | infinitive | white spots not said here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | watch | gerund | eyes | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | have | present | servals and many other wild cats | eyes = eye | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:019-the-tiger.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/19-the-tiger/13/