The tiger: the biggest and strongest cat, a solitary and cunning hunter, sentence 15
There are only about 5,500 wild tigers, mostly in India; they lost most of their forests to farms and were hunted for skins and bones, but numbers in India and Nepal have grown again thanks to protection.
Who acts: 5,500 wild tigers, servals, numbers · What happens: be, lose, hunt, grow · To what, where: India, most, thanks
This is a sentence of the lesson «The tiger: the biggest and strongest cat, a solitary and cunning hunter» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (5,500 wild tigers, servals, numbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 are | expl |
| 2 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 5 5,500 | advmod |
| 4 | about | about | ADV | _ | 5 5,500 | advmod |
| 5 | 5,500 | 5,500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 tigers | nummod |
| 6 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 tigers | amod |
| 7 | tigers | tiger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 are | nsubj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 India | punct |
| 9 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 11 India | advmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 India | case |
| 11 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 are | obl |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 lost | punct |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 lost | nsubj |
| 14 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 are | parataxis |
| 15 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 14 lost | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 forests | case |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 forests | nmod:poss |
| 18 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 most | nmod |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 farms | case |
| 20 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 lost | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 hunted | cc |
| 22 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 hunted | aux:pass |
| 23 | hunted | hunt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 lost | conj |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 skins | case |
| 25 | skins | skin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 hunted | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 bones | cc |
| 27 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 skins | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 grown | punct |
| 29 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 36 grown | cc |
| 30 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 grown | nsubj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 India | case |
| 32 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 numbers | nmod |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 Nepal | cc |
| 34 | Nepal | Nepal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 India | conj |
| 35 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 grown | aux |
| 36 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 are | conj |
| 37 | again | again | ADV | _ | 36 grown | advmod |
| 38 | thanks | thanks | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 grown | obl |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 protection | case |
| 40 | protection | protection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 thanks | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 are | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | 5,500 wild tigers | India; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in india=Location | ||||
| 2 | lose | past | servals = serval | most of servals's forests | to farms | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | hunt | past · passive | servals = serval not said here | for skins and bones | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: for skin=Theme | ||||
| 4 | grow | present · perfect | numbers in India and Nepal | thanks to protection | again | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:019-the-tiger.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/19-the-tiger/15/