The tiger: the biggest and strongest cat, a solitary and cunning hunter, sentence 8
Tigers live and hunt alone, except mothers with cubs, and each tiger needs a big area of its own because its prey is spread out thinly; cubs stay with their mother for about 2 years, learning to hunt.
Who acts: Tigers, tiger, cubs · What happens: live, hunt, need, spread out, stay, learn · To what, where: big area, prey
This is a sentence of the lesson «The tiger: the biggest and strongest cat, a solitary and cunning hunter» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tigers, tiger, cubs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tigers | tiger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | nsubj |
| 2 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 hunt | cc |
| 4 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 live | conj |
| 5 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 4 hunt | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 mothers | punct |
| 7 | except | except | ADP | _ | 8 mothers | case |
| 8 | mothers | mother | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 live | obl |
| 9 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 cubs | case |
| 10 | cubs | cub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 mothers | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 needs | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 needs | cc |
| 13 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 tiger | det |
| 14 | tiger | tiger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 needs | nsubj |
| 15 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 live | conj |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 area | det |
| 17 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 area | amod |
| 18 | area | area | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 needs | obj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 own | case |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 own | nmod:poss |
| 21 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 area | nmod |
| 22 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 26 spread | mark |
| 23 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 prey | nmod:poss |
| 24 | prey | prey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 spread | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 spread | aux:pass |
| 26 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 needs | advcl |
| 27 | out | out | ADP | _ | 26 spread | compound:prt |
| 28 | thinly | thinly | ADV | _ | 26 spread | advmod |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 stay | punct |
| 30 | cubs | cub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 stay | nsubj |
| 31 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 live | conj |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 34 mother | case |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 mother | nmod:poss |
| 34 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 stay | obl |
| 35 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 years | case |
| 36 | about | about | ADV | _ | 37 2 | advmod |
| 37 | 2 | 2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 38 years | nummod |
| 38 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 stay | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 learning | punct |
| 40 | learning | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 31 stay | advcl |
| 41 | to | to | PART | _ | 42 hunt | mark |
| 42 | hunt | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 learning | xcomp |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 live | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | Tigers | except mothers with cubs | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hunt | present | Tigers not said here | alone property | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | need | present | each tiger | a big area of area's own | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot area=Theme | ||||
| 4 | spread out | present · passive | area's prey | thinly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 5 | stay | present | cubs | year | with cubs's mother | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with mother=Location | |||
| 6 | learn | gerund | cubs not said here | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | hunt | to-infinitive | cubs not said here | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:019-the-tiger.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/19-the-tiger/8/