The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 16
A strangler fig starts from a seed dropped high on a tree by a bird, sends roots down to the ground and wraps the host, which may die and rot away inside it.
Who acts: strangler fig, host · What happens: start, drop, send, wrap, die, rot away · To what, where: seed, tree, roots, host, fig
This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (strangler fig, host), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 fig | det |
| 2 | strangler | strangler | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fig | compound |
| 3 | fig | fig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 starts | nsubj |
| 4 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 seed | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 seed | det |
| 7 | seed | seed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 starts | obl |
| 8 | dropped | drop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 seed | acl |
| 9 | high | high | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 dropped | advmod |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 tree | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 tree | det |
| 12 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 dropped | obl |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 bird | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 bird | det |
| 15 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 dropped | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 sends | punct |
| 17 | sends | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 starts | conj |
| 18 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 sends | obj |
| 19 | down | down | ADV | _ | 17 sends | advmod |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 ground | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 ground | det |
| 22 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 down | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 wraps | cc |
| 24 | wraps | wrap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 sends | conj |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 host | det |
| 26 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 wraps | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 die | punct |
| 28 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 die | nsubj |
| 29 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 die | aux |
| 30 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 host | acl:relcl |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 rot | cc |
| 32 | rot | rot | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 die | conj |
| 33 | away | away | ADV | _ | 32 rot | advmod |
| 34 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 35 it | case |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 rot | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 starts | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | present | a strangler fig | a seed | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | drop | participle | a seed not said here | a tree | by a bird; high property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent on tree=Destination by bird=Initial_Location | |||
| 3 | send | present | a strangler fig not said here | roots | down property | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Theme | |||
| 4 | wrap | present | a strangler fig not said here | the host | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent host=Theme | ||||
| 5 | die | may | the host | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 6 | rot away | infinitive | the host not said here | fig | away property | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/16/