The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 2

Rainforests lie near the equator, where the sun is strong all year, so on a holiday in Malaysia the hot morning air rises, cools into storm clouds and pours down almost every afternoon.

Who acts: Rainforests, sun, hot morning air · What happens: lie, be, rise, cool, pour down · To what, where: equator, holiday, storm clouds

This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rainforests, sun, hot morning air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rainforests	rainforest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 lie	nsubj
2	lie	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	near	near	ADP	_	5 equator	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 equator	det
5	equator	equator	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lie	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 strong	punct
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	11 strong	advmod
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 sun	det
9	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 strong	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 strong	cop
11	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 equator	acl:relcl
12	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	13 year	det
13	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 strong	obl:unmarked
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 holiday	punct
15	so	so	ADV	_	25 rises	advmod
16	on	on	ADP	_	18 holiday	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 holiday	det
18	holiday	holiday	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 rises	obl
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 Malaysia	case
20	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 holiday	nmod
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 air	det
22	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 air	amod
23	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 air	compound
24	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 rises	nsubj
25	rises	rise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 lie	parataxis
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 cools	punct
27	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 rises	conj
28	into	into	ADP	_	30 clouds	case
29	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 clouds	compound
30	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 cools	obl
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 pours	cc
32	pours	pour	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 rises	conj
33	down	down	ADV	_	34 almost	advmod
34	almost	almost	ADV	_	36 afternoon	advmod
35	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	36 afternoon	det
36	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 pours	obl:unmarked
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 lie	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	present	Rainforests	the equator			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near equator=Location
2	is	present	the sun		year	strong property	tree rules
3	rise	present	the hot morning air	a holiday in Malaysia			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on holiday=Location
4	cool	present	the hot morning air not said here	storm clouds			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	pour down	present	the hot morning air not said here		afternoon		vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/2/