The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 3

Up in the canopy every animal has its own trick: the sloth hangs still, the gibbon swings, the toucan reaches with its beak and the harpy eagle waits on the tallest tree above them all.

Who acts: animal, sloth, gibbon, toucan, harpy eagle, canopy · What happens: have, hang, swing, reach, wait, trick · To what, where: own trick, tallest tree

This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animal, sloth, gibbon, toucan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Up	up	ADV	_	7 has	advmod
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 canopy	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 canopy	det
4	canopy	canopy	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Up	obl
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 animal	det
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	nsubj
7	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 trick	nmod:poss
9	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 trick	amod
10	trick	trick	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 has	obj
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 hangs	punct
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 sloth	det
13	sloth	sloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 hangs	nsubj
14	hangs	hang	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 has	parataxis
15	still	still	ADV	_	14 hangs	advmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 swings	punct
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 gibbon	det
18	gibbon	gibbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 swings	nsubj
19	swings	swing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 hangs	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 reaches	punct
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 toucan	det
22	toucan	toucan	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 reaches	nsubj
23	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 hangs	conj
24	with	with	ADP	_	26 beak	case
25	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 beak	nmod:poss
26	beak	beak	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 reaches	obl
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 waits	cc
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 eagle	det
29	harpy	harpy	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 eagle	compound
30	eagle	eagle	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 waits	nsubj
31	waits	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 reaches	conj
32	on	on	ADP	_	35 tree	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 tree	det
34	tallest	tall	ADJ	Degree=Sup	35 tree	amod
35	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 waits	obl
36	above	above	ADP	_	37 them	case
37	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 tree	nmod
38	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	37 them	nmod:unmarked
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 has	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	every animal	canopy's own trick				vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Patient
2	hang	present	the sloth			still		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	swing	present	the gibbon					vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
4	reach	present	the toucan				with canopy's beak	vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	wait	present	the harpy eagle		the tallest tree above animals			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location
6	trick		canopy					nom trick «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/3/