The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy, sentence 5
The canopy is the thick upper layer of leaves and branches about 30 to 45 metres above the ground, and the emergent trees stick up above it.
Who acts: canopy, emergent trees · What happens: be, stick up · To what, where: thick upper layer, ground, canopy
This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from the top: emergent layer and canopy» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (canopy, emergent trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 canopy | det |
| 2 | canopy | canopy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 layer | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 layer | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 layer | det |
| 5 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 layer | amod |
| 6 | upper | upper | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 layer | amod |
| 7 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 leaves | case |
| 9 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 layer | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 branches | cc |
| 11 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 leaves | conj |
| 12 | about | about | ADV | _ | 13 30 | advmod |
| 13 | 30 | 30 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 metres | nummod |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 45 | case |
| 15 | 45 | 45 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 30 | nmod |
| 16 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 layer | nmod:unmarked |
| 17 | above | above | ADP | _ | 19 ground | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 ground | det |
| 19 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 layer | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 stick | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 stick | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 trees | det |
| 23 | emergent | emergent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 trees | amod |
| 24 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 stick | nsubj |
| 25 | stick | stick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 layer | conj |
| 26 | up | up | ADP | _ | 25 stick | compound:prt |
| 27 | above | above | ADP | _ | 28 it | case |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 stick | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 layer | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the canopy | the thick upper layer | the ground | of leaves and branches; 30 metres nmod:unmarked | tree rules | ||
| 2 | stick up | present | the emergent trees | canopy | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme above it=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:002-the-rainforest-from-the-top.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/2-the-rainforest-from-the-top/5/