Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat, sentence 16
Pet cats are still hunters even when well fed, because hunting is an instinct, something they are born with, from their wild ancestors, and they catch many birds and small animals, so a bell or keeping cats in at night helps wildlife.
Who acts: Pet cats, hunting, whiskers, bell · What happens: be, feed, bear, catch, keep, help · To what, where: hunters, instinct, whiskers, wild ancestors, many birds, cats
This is a sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pet cats, hunting, whiskers, bell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pet | pet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 cats | compound |
| 2 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hunters | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hunters | cop |
| 4 | still | still | ADV | _ | 5 hunters | advmod |
| 5 | hunters | hunter | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | even | even | ADV | _ | 9 fed | advmod |
| 7 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 fed | advmod |
| 8 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 9 fed | advmod |
| 9 | fed | feed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 hunters | advcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 instinct | punct |
| 11 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 15 instinct | mark |
| 12 | hunting | hunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 instinct | nsubj |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 instinct | cop |
| 14 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 instinct | det |
| 15 | instinct | instinct | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hunters | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 something | punct |
| 17 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 15 instinct | appos |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 born | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 born | aux:pass |
| 20 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 something | acl:relcl |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 born | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 ancestors | punct |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 ancestors | case |
| 24 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 ancestors | nmod:poss |
| 25 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 ancestors | amod |
| 26 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 born | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 catch | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 catch | cc |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 catch | nsubj |
| 30 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 born | conj |
| 31 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 birds | amod |
| 32 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 catch | obj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 animals | cc |
| 34 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 animals | amod |
| 35 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 birds | conj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 bell | punct |
| 37 | so | so | ADV | _ | 39 bell | advmod |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 bell | det |
| 39 | bell | bell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 helps | nsubj |
| 40 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 41 keeping | cc |
| 41 | keeping | keep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 39 bell | conj |
| 42 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 keeping | obj |
| 43 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 46 helps | mark |
| 44 | at | at | ADP | _ | 45 night | case |
| 45 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 keeping | obl |
| 46 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 hunters | parataxis |
| 47 | wildlife | wildlife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 helps | obj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 hunters | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Pet cats | hunters and a instinct | still | tree rules | |||
| 2 | feed | participle | Pet cats not said here | well property | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | hunting | a instinct | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | bear | present · passive | whiskers = whisker | whiskers's wild ancestors | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 5 | catch | present | whiskers = whisker | many birds and small animals | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme | ||||
| 6 | keep | gerund | a bell not said here | cats | night | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Theme | |||
| 7 | help | present | a bell | wildlife | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wildlife=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/16/