Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat, sentence 9
The cheetah is the fastest land animal, reaching about 100 kilometres per hour in a sprint with long legs, a light body, a bendy spine and a steering tail, but only for about 20 to 30 seconds before it overheats.
Who acts: cheetah · What happens: be, reach, overheat · To what, where: fastest land animal, 100 kilometres, sprint
This is a sentence of the lesson «Leopards, jaguars, cheetahs and the house cat» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cheetah), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cheetah | det |
| 2 | cheetah | cheetah | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 animal | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 animal | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 animal | det |
| 5 | fastest | fast | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 animal | amod |
| 6 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 animal | compound |
| 7 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 reaching | punct |
| 9 | reaching | reach | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 animal | advcl |
| 10 | about | about | ADV | _ | 11 100 | advmod |
| 11 | 100 | 100 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 kilometres | nummod |
| 12 | kilometres | kilometre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 reaching | obj |
| 13 | per | per | ADP | _ | 14 hour | case |
| 14 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 kilometres | nmod |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 sprint | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 sprint | det |
| 17 | sprint | sprint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 reaching | obl |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 legs | case |
| 19 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 legs | amod |
| 20 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 sprint | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 body | punct |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 body | det |
| 23 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 body | amod |
| 24 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 legs | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 spine | punct |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 spine | det |
| 27 | bendy | bendy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 spine | amod |
| 28 | spine | spine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 legs | conj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 tail | cc |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 tail | det |
| 31 | steering | steering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 tail | compound |
| 32 | tail | tail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 legs | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 seconds | punct |
| 34 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 41 seconds | cc |
| 35 | only | only | ADV | _ | 38 20 | advmod |
| 36 | for | for | ADP | _ | 38 20 | case |
| 37 | about | about | ADV | _ | 38 20 | advmod |
| 38 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 41 seconds | nummod |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 30 | case |
| 40 | 30 | 30 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 38 20 | nmod |
| 41 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 reaching | conj |
| 42 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 44 overheats | mark |
| 43 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 overheats | nsubj |
| 44 | overheats | overheat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 seconds | advcl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 animal | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the cheetah | the fastest land animal | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | reach | gerund | the cheetah not said here | 100 kilometres | a sprint with long legs and a light body and a bendy spine and a steering tail | per hour | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent kilometre=Theme | ||
| 3 | overheat | present | cheetah | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:020-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/20-leopards-jaguars-cheetahs-and-the-house-cat/9/