Parrots: talkers, nutcrackers and long lives, sentence 2

Parrots make their sounds with a voice organ deep in the chest, and their brains have a special area for learning new sounds, which most birds do not have.

Who acts: Parrots, brains, special area, most birds · What happens: make, have, learn, not have · To what, where: sounds, special area, new sounds

This is a sentence of the lesson «Parrots: talkers, nutcrackers and long lives» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Parrots, brains, special area, most birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Parrots	parrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 sounds	nmod:poss
4	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 organ	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 organ	det
7	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 organ	compound
8	organ	organ	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obl
9	deep	deep	ADV	_	12 chest	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 chest	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 chest	det
12	chest	chest	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 organ	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 have	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 have	cc
15	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 brains	nmod:poss
16	brains	brain	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 have	nsubj
17	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 make	conj
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 area	det
19	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 area	amod
20	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 have	obj
21	for	for	SCONJ	_	22 learning	mark
22	learning	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	20 area	acl
23	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 sounds	amod
24	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 learning	obj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 have	punct
26	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	31 have	obj
27	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	28 birds	amod
28	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 have	nsubj
29	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 have	aux
30	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	31 have	advmod
31	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 sounds	acl:relcl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 make	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	make	present	Parrots	Parrots's sounds	with a voice organ in the chest	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Product
2	have	present	Parrots's brains	a special area		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Patient
3	learn	gerund	a special area not said here	new sounds		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Topic
4	not have	present · do-support	most birds	new sounds		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:206-parrots-talkers-nutcrackers-and-long-lives.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/206-parrots-talkers-nutcrackers-and-long-lives/2/