Parrots: talkers, nutcrackers and long lives, sentence 4
Parrots copy sounds using a voice organ in the chest and a brain area for learning sounds; a famous African grey called Alex learned words for colours, shapes and numbers.
Who acts: Parrots, famous African grey · What happens: copy, use, learn, call · To what, where: sounds, voice organ, chest, famous African grey, words · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Parrots: talkers, nutcrackers and long lives» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Parrots, famous African grey), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Parrots | parrot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 copy | nsubj |
| 2 | copy | copy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 copy | obj |
| 4 | using | use | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 copy | advcl |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 organ | det |
| 6 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 organ | compound |
| 7 | organ | organ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 using | obj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 chest | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 chest | det |
| 10 | chest | chest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 organ | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 area | cc |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 area | det |
| 13 | brain | brain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 area | compound |
| 14 | area | area | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 organ | conj |
| 15 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 sounds | case |
| 16 | learning | learn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 sounds | amod |
| 17 | sounds | sound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 using | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 learned | punct |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 grey | det |
| 20 | famous | famous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 grey | amod |
| 21 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 grey | amod |
| 22 | grey | grey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 learned | nsubj |
| 23 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 grey | acl |
| 24 | Alex | Alex | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 called | xcomp |
| 25 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 copy | conj |
| 26 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 learned | obj |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 colours | case |
| 28 | colours | colour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 words | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 shapes | punct |
| 30 | shapes | shape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 colours | conj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 numbers | cc |
| 32 | numbers | number | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 colours | conj |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 copy | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | copy | present | Parrots | sounds | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme | ||||
| 2 | use | gerund | Parrots not said here | a voice organ and a brain area | the chest | for learning sounds | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent organ=Theme for sound=Eventuality | ||
| 3 | learn | gerund | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | call | participle | a famous African grey not said here | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | learn | past | a famous African grey | words | for colours and shapes and numbers | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:206-parrots-talkers-nutcrackers-and-long-lives.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/206-parrots-talkers-nutcrackers-and-long-lives/4/