Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds, sentence 0
A horse is a big, strong animal, but in the wild it was always someone's dinner, so almost everything about it is built for spotting danger and running away.
Who acts: horse · What happens: be, build, spot, run away · To what, where: big strong animal, dinner, wild, everything, danger
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 horse | det |
| 2 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 animal | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 animal | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 animal | det |
| 5 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 animal | amod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 big | punct |
| 7 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 animal | amod |
| 8 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 dinner | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 dinner | cc |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 wild | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 wild | det |
| 13 | wild | wild | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 dinner | obl |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 dinner | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 dinner | cop |
| 16 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 19 dinner | advmod |
| 17 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 19 dinner | nmod:poss |
| 18 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 17 someone | case |
| 19 | dinner | dinner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 animal | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 built | punct |
| 21 | so | so | ADV | _ | 27 built | advmod |
| 22 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 23 everything | advmod |
| 23 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 27 built | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | about | about | ADP | _ | 25 it | case |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 everything | nmod |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 built | aux:pass |
| 27 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 animal | parataxis |
| 28 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 29 spotting | mark |
| 29 | spotting | spot | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 built | advcl |
| 30 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 spotting | obj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 running | cc |
| 32 | running | run | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 spotting | conj |
| 33 | away | away | ADV | _ | 32 running | advmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 animal | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a horse | a big strong animal but someone's dinner | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | horse | someone's dinner | the wild | always property | tree rules | ||
| 3 | build | present · passive | everything | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||||
| 4 | spot | gerund | danger | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme danger=Destination | |||||
| 5 | run away | gerund | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/0/