Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds, sentence 1

Its eyes sit on the sides of its head so it can see nearly all the way round, and when one horse in a field suddenly bolts, the whole herd thunders after it without stopping to ask why.

Who acts: eyes, horse, one horse, whole herd · What happens: sit, see, bolt, thunder, stop, ask · To what, where: sides, way

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses and ponies: how they eat, see, sleep and live in herds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eyes, horse, one horse, whole herd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 eyes	nmod:poss
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sit	nsubj
3	sit	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 sides	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sides	det
6	sides	side	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sit	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 head	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 head	nmod:poss
9	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sides	nmod
10	so	so	SCONJ	_	13 see	mark
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 see	nsubj
12	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 see	aux
13	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 sit	advcl
14	nearly	nearly	ADV	_	13 see	advmod
15	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	17 way	det:predet
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 way	det
17	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 see	obl:unmarked
18	round	round	ADV	_	17 way	advmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 thunders	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 thunders	cc
21	when	when	SCONJ	_	28 bolts	mark
22	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	23 horse	nummod
23	horse	horse	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 bolts	nsubj
24	in	in	ADP	_	26 field	case
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 field	det
26	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 horse	nmod
27	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	_	28 bolts	advmod
28	bolts	bolt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 thunders	advcl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 thunders	punct
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 herd	det
31	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 herd	amod
32	herd	herd	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 thunders	nsubj
33	thunders	thunder	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sit	conj
34	after	after	ADP	_	35 it	case
35	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 thunders	obl
36	without	without	SCONJ	_	37 stopping	mark
37	stopping	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	33 thunders	advcl
38	to	to	PART	_	39 ask	mark
39	ask	ask	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	37 stopping	xcomp
40	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	39 ask	advmod
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sit	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sit	present	horse's eyes		the sides of horse's head			vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on side=Location
2	see	can	horse	all way			nearly property	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	bolt	present	one horse in a field				suddenly property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	thunder	present	the whole herd			after horse		vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	stop	gerund	the whole herd not said here					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
6	ask speech: ask	to-infinitive	the whole herd not said here					vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/207-horses-and-ponies-how-they-eat-see-sleep-and-live-in-herds/1/